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ISP Module 16 Self-Test

Name
  1. What percentage of deaths in individuals 65 years of age or older is attributable to infection?
    A. 10%
    B. 20%
    C. 40%
    D. 60%
    E. 75%

  2. Which one of the following immune system changes occurs in the elderly and may be associated with an increase in infectious disease?
    A. The skin thickens and becomes more moist.
    B. The number of natural killer cells declines.
    C. The production of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-( decreases.
    D. Thymic hormone secretion increases.

  3. Which one of the following best explains a decrease in the effective levels of antimicrobials in the elderly?
    A. altered gastric mobility
    B. decrease absorptive surface
    C. increase adipose tissue
    D. co-administration of other drugs with antibiotics
    E. (all of the statements, A-D)

  4. All of the following statements regarding the elderly are true EXCEPT:
    A. Native valve endocarditis is typically caused by Streptococcus viridans and Staphylococcus aureus.
    B. Occasionally, HACEK organisms (Hemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella) cause native valve endocarditis in the elderly.
    C. Rates of bacteremia are much higher in older hospitalized patients than in the elderly.
    D. The causative organisms for early prosthetic heart valve infections are primarily skin and nosocomial flora.
    E. The cause of fever of unknown origin (FUO) cannot be determine in more than 90% of the cases.

  5. In the elderly, which one of the following antimicrobials is primarily eliminated in the elderly through both renal and hepatic routes.
    A. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
    B. Macrolides
    C. Fluoroquinolones
    D. Rifamycins
    E. Tetracyclines

  6. All of the following statements concerning AIDS in the elderly are true EXCEPT:
    A. Most older women with HIV infection acquire the virus from a sexual partner via heterosexual activity.
    B. HIV infection in the elderly was described initially in patients who received blood transfusions for coronary artery bypass or another medical procedure.
    C. The aggressive antiretroviral therapy with combination treatment regimens and opportunistic infection prophylaxis is similar in the young and elderly.
    D. Most older people do not feel that they are at risk for HIV infection.
    E. Fewer than 5% of the new AIDS cases occur in individuals over the age of 50.

  7. Facial nerve palsy is common in older adults and is associated with at least three infectious etiologies, which include:
    A. Escherichia coli, adenovirus, and Bacillus subtilis.
    B. herpes simplex virus, adenovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus.
    C. Epstein-Barr virus, human papovavirus, and molluscum contagiosum.
    D. Borrelia burgdorferi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes.
    E. herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and Borrelia burgdorferi.

  8. All of the following statements concerning Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are true EXCEPT:
    A. VZV is the etiologic agent of chickenpox and shingles.
    B. Chickenpox is a consequence of primary infection with VZV
    C. Disruption of VZV latency leads to shingles.
    D. VZV is a member of the human poxvirus family (Poxviridae).
    E. The most disabling complication of zoster (shingles) in the elderly is postherpic neuralgia (pain for more than one month after lesions have healed).